Can Dogs Have ADHD?

Can Dogs Have ADHD? Understanding Your Dog’s Energy Levels

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition commonly diagnosed in humans, characterised by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and difficulty maintaining focus. But can dogs have ADHD? While dogs can’t be officially diagnosed with the condition, they can exhibit behaviours that mirror ADHD symptoms, such as boundless energy, short attention spans, and restlessness. These traits can sometimes leave dog owners feeling overwhelmed or concerned.

In this article, we’ll explore the idea of ADHD in dogs, its symptoms, potential causes, and how to manage these behaviours to keep your pup happy and healthy.

What Is ADHD in Dogs?

 

Although ADHD as a medical diagnosis doesn’t apply to dogs, certain behavioural traits may resemble it. For example, dogs with excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity, and an inability to focus may seem “ADHD-like.” These behaviours are usually linked to factors such as:

• Breed characteristics
• Lack of stimulation (both mental and physical)
• Health issues or environmental factors

Much like dog anxiety, these symptoms may be managed with the right care, training, and in some cases, medical intervention.

Dog ADHD Symptoms

If your dog is the energiser bunny of your household, you might wonder if they have ADHD-like tendencies. Some common signs include:

• Hyperactivity: Constant movement, barking, and difficulty staying calm.
• Impulsiveness: Struggling to follow commands or resist temptation (e.g., bolting after squirrels).
• Short attention span: Easily distracted during playtime or training sessions.
• Restlessness: Difficulty settling down or excessive fidgeting, even in quiet settings.

It’s worth noting that these symptoms could also result from boredom, anxiety, or insufficient exercise.

Can Dogs Have ADHD or Autism?

While dogs cannot be formally diagnosed with ADHD or autism, their behaviours can sometimes mimic these conditions. For example:

• ADHD-like behaviours: Excessive energy, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity.
• Autism-like behaviours: Repetitive actions, social detachment, or an aversion to change.

If you notice unusual behaviour, consult a veterinarian or animal behaviourist to rule out medical issues and determine the best approach for your dog.

ADHD Dog Breeds

Certain breeds are naturally energetic and exhibit behaviours that may seem like ADHD. These breeds often require more stimulation and exercise to stay balanced:

• Border Collies: Intelligent and high-energy, they’re happiest with plenty of mental and physical challenges.
• Jack Russell Terriers: Spirited and playful, they thrive with consistent activity.
• Australian Shepherds: Known for their herding instincts and endless energy.
• Labrador Retrievers: Friendly and energetic, especially as young dogs. If you have a Labrador, you may wish to see our Labrador paintings.

It’s important to match your dog’s energy level with appropriate activities to help them thrive.

 

Causes and Effects of Hyperactivity in Dogs

Hyperactivity in dogs can stem from a variety of causes, ranging from breed tendencies and age to environmental factors and unmet needs. High-energy breeds like Border Collies or Jack Russell Terriers are naturally more prone to hyperactive behaviours, while young puppies often exhibit heightened energy levels as part of their development. Environmental factors, such as insufficient exercise, mental stimulation, or inconsistent routines, can also contribute to restlessness.

Hyperactivity may manifest as impulsivity, excessive barking, or difficulty focusing, which can strain the dog-owner relationship and lead to behavioural challenges. Addressing the underlying causes is key to fostering a balanced, happy pet.

How to Treat a Dog With ADHD

Managing a hyperactive dog can feel like a full-time job, but there are effective ways to address ADHD-like behaviours:

1. Increase physical exercise: Long walks, playtime, or agility training can help burn off excess energy.
2. Provide mental stimulation: Puzzle toys, scent games, and obedience training keep your dog’s mind busy.
3. Stick to a routine: Dogs thrive on consistency. Regular mealtimes, walks, and play sessions can help reduce restlessness.
4. Seek professional help: A qualified dog trainer or animal behaviourist can provide tailored strategies for managing hyperactivity.

Looking for creative ways to keep your dog active? Check out our dog care tips and find out why dogs love tennis balls.

Can Dogs Have ADHD Medication?

In rare cases, medication may be recommended to manage extreme hyperactivity or impulsive behaviours. Some common options include:

• Fluoxetine (Prozac): Helps regulate mood and reduce hyperactive behaviour.
• Clomipramine (Clomicalm): Used for anxiety but may also calm hyperactive tendencies.
• Sedatives: Occasionally prescribed for short-term relief in severe cases.

Medication is typically a last resort and should only be used under veterinary supervision. For most dogs, exercise, mental stimulation, and training are more effective long-term solutions.

Risks and Side Effects:

While medication can be helpful, it’s not without risks. Potential side effects include:

• Lethargy or excessive drowsiness
• Gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhoea
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Unusual behaviour, such as increased aggression or withdrawal

It’s essential to monitor your dog closely when starting any new medication and report any concerning changes to your vet immediately.

When Is Medication Appropriate?

Medication may be considered appropriate in the following cases:

• The dog’s hyperactivity or impulsivity severely impacts their quality of life or safety.
• Behavioural training and environmental adjustments have not yielded results.
• A veterinarian has ruled out underlying medical conditions contributing to the behaviour.

For most dogs, medication should complement—not replace—training, exercise, and mental stimulation. Always prioritise non-pharmacological approaches first to help your dog thrive.

How Common Is ADHD in Dogs?

Hyperactivity and impulsive behaviours are relatively common, especially in puppies and younger dogs who naturally have higher energy levels. However, true ADHD-like conditions in dogs are rare and often linked to specific environmental or genetic factors.

A 2020 study conducted in Finland found that hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in dogs were more commonly observed in breeds like Border Collies and German Shepherds, which are naturally high-energy and bred for demanding tasks. The study also noted that these behaviours were less frequent in older dogs, suggesting age plays a significant role in such tendencies.

While hyperactivity might seem overwhelming, it’s worth remembering that for many dogs, these behaviours are simply part of their developmental stage or breed-specific traits. Addressing underlying needs such as exercise and stimulation can greatly reduce these behaviours.

If you’re unsure whether your dog’s behaviour falls within the range of normal energy or ADHD-like tendencies, consulting with a veterinarian or animal behaviourist can provide clarity.

 

FAQs

How do I tell if my dog has ADHD?
Look for signs like hyperactivity, impulsivity, and a short attention span. A vet or animal behaviourist can evaluate your dog’s behaviour and recommend solutions.

What breed of dog has ADHD?
Energetic breeds like Border Collies, Jack Russell Terriers, and Australian Shepherds often display behaviours that resemble ADHD.

How do you treat ADHD in dogs?
Exercise, mental stimulation, a consistent routine, and, in extreme cases, medication can help manage ADHD-like behaviours.

How common is ADHD in dogs?
While ADHD-like behaviours are relatively common, true ADHD conditions in dogs are rare and usually manageable with care and training.

Can dogs have ADHD medication?
Yes, some medications like fluoxetine or clomipramine may be prescribed for extreme cases, but only under veterinary supervision.

Can dogs have ADHD or autism?
Dogs cannot be officially diagnosed with ADHD or autism, but their behaviours can sometimes mimic these conditions.

Looking for more tips and insights about your dog? Visit our Dog Blog for inspiration!

Commission a Pet Portrait of Your Dog

No matter how energetic or quirky your dog may be, they’re a cherished part of your family. Celebrate their unique personality with a hand-painted dog portrait based on photos from Dog Artists. Our artists specialise in capturing the character and charm of every pet, whether they’re racing around the garden or curled up on the sofa.

For inspiration, check out our Royal Pet Portraits, Dogs in Uniform Paintings or our Renaissance Pet Portraits—perfect for turning your lovable whirlwind into a timeless work of art.

Sources

Psychology Today